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Disorders in voice quality, pitch, and/or loudness which differ from what is expected, or are inappropriate for a person’s age, cultural background, or geographic location.*
A voice disorder is suspected when an individual expresses concern about having an abnormal voice that does not meet daily needs—even if others do not perceive it as different or deviant.**
*Aronson & Bless, 2009; Boone, McFarlane, Von Berg, & Zraik, 2010; Lee, Stemple, Glaze, & Kelchner, 2004.
**American Speech-Language-Hearing Association [ASHA], 1993; Colton & Casper, 1996; Stemple, Glaze, & Klaben, 2010; Verdolini & Ramig, 2001.