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Result from damage to the neurological system that affects the motor control and/or programming of speech movements; includes dysarthria and apraxia of speech:
Dysarthria is a group of speech disorders resulting from disturbances in muscular control over the speech mechanism due to damage of the nervous system. Problems resulting from this damage are difficulties in oral communication due to paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of the speech musculature
Apraxia of speech is an impaired ability to 1) program the position of speech muscles and 2) sequence muscle movements for the speech sound production. Apraxia may affect articulation, rate, prosody, intonation and rhythm of speech, and fluency of speech. Weakness of the speech muscles, including the tongue, lips and face may also be present
Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)
- may impact onset of speech and language and /or speech intelligibility
- may be congenital or acquired
- may or may not be associated with a documented neurological or neurobehavioral etiology